정유(essential oils)란 무엇인가 ?
모든 살아있는 생명체는 정신력과 창조적 생명력이 있다. 건강이 많이 나빠졌을경우 창조적 생명력은 신체를 정상적으로 회복할 수 있는 힘을 준다. 식물에게 있어서 창조적 생명역은 자연 그대로의 식물 정유에만 존재하고 그것은 식물의 핵이며 때때로 극소량이 추출되기도 한다.
극소량이기는 하지만 신체및 마음에 크게 영향을 미칠뿐 아니라 정확한 신체의 각 부위에서 병을 고치는 효과를 내기도 한다.
아로마 테라피는 식물 최초의 창조적 생명력에서 나온 에너지라 할 수 있다. 이 정유는 식물 호르몬(hormone)이라고도 한다. 이호르몬은 일생동안 겨우 골무를 채울수 있을 정도의 곡소량만 생산하기 때문데 이 같은 사실을 믿는다느 것은 어려운 일이다. 격렬한 스포츠 활동 후 아로마 테라피를 받는다면 그 자체로 천국을 맛본다고 말할 수 있을 것 같다.
예를들어 10개의 큰 양동이에 가득 찬 오렌지 꽃에서 추출하는 정유는 아주 극소량의 네올리이고 식물에서 추출할 수 있는 정유들은 인간의 몸에서 확실히 반응을 나타낸다.
갑상선과 같은 신체의 선들이 신체구조에 영향을 주는 많은 종류의 호르몬을 생산애 내는 것과 마찬가지로 정유를 올바르게 사용할경우 식물의 호르몬은 다양한 효과를 볼 수 있다.
실제 호르몬은 아포그린선(apocrine gland) 에서 분비되어 모든 기관에 중요한 여러가지 작용을 한다. 정유는 몸에서 풍기는 향기의 원인이 되는 유인물질인 페르몬과 같다고 본다.
페르몬은 아포크린선에서 소량만이 분비되며 성적인 유인물질과 같이 다른 것에 반응하도록 생산된다. 페르몬은 (그리스어로 pherein이고) 호르몬과 함께 작용하며 “나르다”의 뜻이다. 그러나 불순물이 전혀없는 순수한 정유를 소량 사용하거나 긴시간 강하게 농축된 정유를 사용한다면 위험성이나 부작용은 전혀 없지만, 숟가락 만큼의 정유를 대량 사용한다면 위험하다.
흡연으로 비교하면 일주일에 담배를 1개피 정도 피우는 사람과 하루에 30개피 정도 담배를 피우는 사람의 폐를 상상해보면 알수 있을 것이다.
정유(essential oils)의 특징
- 향기가 나고 휘발성이 강하다.
- 지방유와 다르며, 기름보다는 물과 같은 농도를 가진다.
- 화학 작용이 잘 된다.
- 알코올과 에테르 같은 고 정유에는 녹지만 물에는 녹지 않는다.
- 향기로운 물질은 잎사귀의 엽록체를 형성하며 글루코오스와 결합하여 글루코시드를 식물체주변으로 이동한다.
정유(essential oils)의 3가지 작용
- 약리작용 (pharmacological process) : 정유가 혈류를 통해 흡수되어 호르몬과 효소계통 등과 반응해 생기는 화학 변화에 의한 것을 말한다
- 생리작용 (physiological process) : 오일이 인체에 작용하여 진정, 상승작용을 일으키는것을 말한다.
- 심리작용 (psychological process) : 오일을 후각으로 흡입했을경우 그 향취에 관해 개개인이 나타내는 각각의 반응을 말한다.
정유(essential oils)의 추출 방법
- 수증기 증류법(steam distilation) : 정유의 80%이상이 이 방법을 이용한다. (수증기화 될려면 입자가 가볍고 고와야 한다)
- 압착법(wand expression) : 감귤류, 열매등이 이방법을 이용한다. (입자가 크므로 피부표면에 오래 머무르며 보관기간이 짧다.)
- 용매 추출법(solvent extraction) : 꽃을 이용한 용매제로 핵산, 벤젠, 알코올등 탄화수소계열을 사용한다. 향이 강하고 색깔이 진하며 낮은 온도에서 고체화되는 경향이 있고, 고가인 물질이어서 다른 합성물질과 섞이는 것을 유의해야 한다.
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